AIEEE Concepts®

A Complete Coverage Over AIEEE Exam

P Block Elements



Oxides of Nitrogens:

1. Nitrous oxide (N2O)




It is used for the preparation of azides

N2O + NaNH2 NaN3 + H2O


2. Nitric oxide (NO)



The liquid and solid states are diamagnetic, because close dimers are formed






Reaction with Cl2

2NO + Cl2 2NOCl
(nitrosyl chloride)


3. Nitrogen oioxide




The gas condenses to a brown liquid which turns paler on cooling and eventually becomes a colourless solid, due to dimerization.


2NO2 N2O4



Liquid N2O4 is useful as a non - aqueous solvent. It self - ionizes


N2O4 NO+ + NO3-

acid base


A typical acid base reaction is
NOCl + NH4NO3 NH4Cl + N2O4
Acid     base               salt         solvent


4. Nitrogen trioxide or nitrogen sesquioxide (N2O3)




N2O3 + H2O 2HNO2

(anhydride of nitrons acid)

N2O3 + 2HClO4 2NO [ClO4] + H2O




5. Di nitrogen pentoxide [N2O5]


It is the anhydride of HNO3. It is strong oxidizing agent





Structure of Phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10)





P4O10 + 6H2O 4H3PO4

(anhydride of
phosphoric acid)



Phosphorus trioxide : [P4O6]




P4O6 + 6H2O 4H3PO3
(Cold)


P4O6 + 6H2O PH3 + 3H3PO4
(Hot)


Oxy Acids of Nitrogen
1. H2N2O2 Hyponitrous acid
2. H2 NO2 Hydronitrous acid
3. HNO2 Nitrous acid  
4. HNO3 Nitric acid  
5. HNO4 Per nitric acid


Oxy - Acids of Phosphorus
1. H3PO2 Hypophosphorus acid
2. H3PO3 Phosphorus acid
3. H4P2O6 Hypophosphoric acid
4. H3PO4 Orthophosphoric acid
5.H4P2O7 Pyrophosphoric acid
6. HPO3 Metaphosphoric acid



KMnO4





FeCl3 (gas)



>



K2Cr2O7




FeCl36H2O consists of trans [Fe(H2O)4Cl2]Cl.2H2O, though in strong HCl it forms tetrahedral [FeCl4]- ions


Oxo Acids of Sulphur
H2SO3 Sulphurous aicd
H2S2O5 di-or pyrosuphurous acid
H2S2O4 Dithionous acid
H2S2O3 Thiosulphuric acid
H2S2O7 di or pyrosulphuric acid
H2S2O6 dithionic acid
H2SnO6: Poythionic acid (n = 1 to 12)
H2SO5 peroxyo monosulphuric acid
H2S2O8 Peroxidisulphuric acid



O3 is an extremely powerful oxidizing agent, second only to F2 in oxidizing power, and reacts much more readily than dioxygen


3PbS + 4O3 3PbSO4

2NO2 + O3 N2O5 + O2

S + H2O + O3 H2SO4

2KOH + SO3 2KO3 + SO2 + H2O


Potassium ozonide KO3 is an orange coloured solid and contains the paramagnetic ion.

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